Causes and risk factors for Cataracts

The majority of cataract diagnoses are related to age. Proteins in the lens start to break down typically from the age of 40 onwards, but this varies from person to person - although changes caused by ageing don't always lead to cataracts.

Prolonged exposure to UV (Ultraviolet) radiation can cause cataracts, which includes sunlight, tanning beds or sun lamps.

Although rare, trauma to the eye can lead to the onset of cataracts, even if the injury took place years before.

Frequent exposure to x-rays or radiation treatment have been known to cause cataracts.

Glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and uveitis are some of the eye diseases that can bring on cataracts as a secondary condition, and past surgeries on the eye can similarly contribute to the development of cataracts.

People with diabetes are at higher risk of developing cataracts, especially when their blood sugar levels are above the safe range, as this elevation can affect lens metabolism.

Smoking and alcohol both can increase oxidative stress on the eye, which speeds up lens damage.

Some people have a genetic predisposition to developing cataracts, particularly if they've had a known family history of the condition.

The metabolic changes brought on by obesity can lead to an increased risk of developing cataracts.

Poor nutrition, especially a low intake of Vitamin C and Vitamin E may increase the risk of developing cataracts.